Lesson 18 : Numeral & Quantitative Adjective

§ Numeral & Quantitative Adjective

形容詞有多種,現在介紹數形容詞 Numeral Adjective
和量形容詞 Quantitative Adjective。
什麼是數形容詞?數形容詞是形容可數事物的數量的形容詞。
什麼是量形容詞?量形容詞是形容不可數事物的分量的形容詞。
常見的數形容詞和量形容詞有:
/
數形容詞
量形容詞
任何
any
any
一些
some
some
所有
all
all
沒有
no
no
足夠
enough
enough
很多
many
much
很少
few
little
幾個
several
/
數形容詞和量形容詞的分別:
         
  1. 數形容詞所形容的名詞是:(1)可數的;(2)要用複數。
  2. 量形容詞所形容的名詞是:(1)不可數的;(2)要用單數。
1. any 和 some

 (1)作數形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  Have you any oranges?
         
  Have you some oranges?﹝期待肯定的答案,疑問句用"some"﹞
         
  Yes, I have some oranges.
         
  No, I have not any oranges.
         
  * 疑問句用"any"或"some"皆可;肯定句用"some";否定句用"any"。
 (2) 作量形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  Have you any rice?
         
  Have you some rice? ﹝期待肯定的答案,疑問句用"some"﹞
         
  Yes, I have some rice.
         
  No, I have not any rice.
         
  * 疑問句用"any"或"some"皆可;肯定句用"some";否定句用"any"。
  We must get it at any price.
  ﹝無論任何代價,我們都要得到它。﹞

      
2. all
 (1) 作數形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  All the chickens in the cage are yours.
 (2) 作量形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  All the rice in the bag is mine.

      
3. no
 (1) 作數形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  He has no books.
  * "He has no book."亦可,"no"後可用單數。
  He has no brothers.
 (2) 作量形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  He drinks no wine.
  He has no money.
  He has no hope.

      
4. enough
 (1) 作數形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  Have you enough cents?
         
  Have you cents enough?
         
  Yes, I have enough cents.
         
  Yes, I have cents enough.
         
  No, I have not enough cents.
         
  No, I have not cents enough.
  * "enough"在被形容的名詞之前或後皆可。
 (2) 作量形容詞
         
 例如:
         
  Have you enough money?
         
  Have you money enough?
         
  Yes, I have enough money.
         
  Yes, I have money enough.
         
  No, I have not enough money.
         
  No, I have not money enough.
5. many 和 much
         
 例如:
         
  Many boys play ball in the garden.
  Much boys play ball in the garden. ﹝錯誤﹞

  *"boys"是可數名詞,只能用"many"來形容,不能用"much"來形容。
  Mary has much money.
  Mary has many money. ﹝錯誤﹞

  *"money"是不可數名詞,只能用"much"來形容,不能用"many"來形容。
  How many bottles of wine do you drink?
  *"how"是疑問副詞。
  How much wine do you drink?

      
6. few 和 little
         
 例如:
         
  He is a man of few words.﹝他是個寡言的人。﹞
  Few people know his name.﹝沒有什麼人知道他的名字。﹞
  I have few good friends.﹝我沒有什麼好朋友。﹞
  * I have a few good friends.﹝我有幾個好朋友。﹞﹝"few"作名詞用﹞
  I have little money.﹝我沒有多少錢。﹞
  He drinks little wine.﹝他沒有飲多少酒。﹞
  * He drinks a little wine.﹝他飲一些酒。﹞﹝"little"作名詞用﹞ 

7. several
         
 例如:
         
  My teacher has several good fountain-pens.
  *"several"意指三至六個。

練習

翻譯:

1. 你有一些日文書嗎?
2. 好人多朋友。
3. 這麵包師有足夠的麵粉嗎?
4. 那人沒有米。
5. 他沒有什麼好書。
6. 甕中所有米都是她的嗎?
7. 有些人不吃豬肉。
8. 那個農夫飲很多酒嗎?
9. 那個農夫沒有牛嗎?
10. 我有幾本書。