Lesson 30 : Noun Clause

§ Noun Clause

把名詞從句附屬到主句身上的詞有四種:
(1) 從屬連詞 Subordinate Conjunction (2) 連接代名詞 Connective Pronoun (3) 連接形容詞 Connective Adjective (4) 連接副詞 Connective Adverb
1. 從屬連詞 Subordinate Conjunction 有:(1) that;(2) if;(3) whether…or。 例如: That he has gone is untrue.
  The government announced that the danger was past.

  * 名詞從句作賓語時,"that" 可隱藏:
    The government announced the danger was past.
  
  Can you speak Japanese?
  I ask if you can speak Japanese?

  * 在名詞從句中,所有動詞﹝包括助動詞﹞必須在主語後面。
         
  I don't know whether he will go or not.

  * 原句應是:
    I don't know whether he will go or (whether he will) not (go).

2. 連接代名詞 Connective Pronoun
         
可用疑問代名詞把名詞從句附加到主句身上。此時的疑問代名詞
稱為「連接代名詞」,有:
代人
代物
代人或物
主格
who
what
which
賓格
whom
what
which
所有格
whose
/
/
例如:
         
  Who are you?
  I ask who you are.
  Can you tell me who the girl in the street is?
  I do not know who sits on that chair.
  Who will be the president of America next time is unknown.
  Whom does your mother teach in the room?
  I ask whom your mother teaches in the room.
  Tell me whom you associate with and I tell you who you are.
  Whose is that car?
  I ask whose that car is.
  What is your father?
  Can you tell me what your father is?
  What happens today will become history tomorrow.
  The important thing is what a person does, not what he 
  says.
  Can you tell me which of these two babies is yours?
  I do not know by which of the two roads he goes to school.
  I will give this book to whoever wants it.

  * "whoever" 指「無論誰人」,亦是連接代名詞。
         
  Choose whichever you want.

  * "whichever" 指「無論哪個」,亦是連接代名詞。
  Take whatever you need.

  * "whatever" 指「無論什麼」,亦是連接代名詞。

3. 連接形容詞 Connective Adjective
         
可用疑問形容詞把名詞從句附加到主句身上。此時的疑問形容詞
稱為「連接形容詞」。
有: (1) what;(2) which;(3) whose。
例如:
         
  What book is this?
  I do not know what book this is.
  Which dog is mine?
  I ask which dog is mine.
  Whose cat is that?
  Can you tell me whose cat that is?

4. 連接副詞 Connective Adverb
         
可用疑問副詞把名詞從句附加到主句身上。此時的疑問副詞稱為
「連接副詞」。
有:(1) when;(2) where;(3) why;(4) how。
例如:
         
  When he will come home is not yet known.
  When we should hold the meeting is still under 
  consideration.
  I told him where he could find the answer.
  Where we will go is the question.
  That is why he loves her so much.
  I do not know why he broke off in the middle of a sentence.
  ﹝我不知道為何他一句話還未說完就忽然停住不說了。﹞
  Can you tell me how you go?

練習

翻譯:
         
1. 她將於下星期結婚是個好消息。
2. 你能告訴我誰是她的妹妹嗎?
3. 你已通知他我明天吃什麼嗎?
4. 我不知她愛哪一個。
5. 無人知道火車何時到達。
6. 他不知道你的叔父將往何處。
7. 我問他如何解決這難題。
8. 我問他為什麼做這些事。
9. 你能查出李先生住在何處嗎?
10. 我們相信你不是壞的。