Lesson 11 : Perposition

¡± Prepositional Phrase

¦b­^¤å¤QÃþ³æµü¤¤¡A¤¶µü Preposition ¬O¨ä¤¤¤@Ãþ¡C
¤°»ò¬O¤¶µü¡H¤¶µü¤£¯à³æ¿W¨Ï¥Î¡A¤@©w­n»P¦Wµü©Î¥N¦Wµü¤@°_
¥Hºc¦¨¤¶µüµu»y¡A·í§@§Î®eµü¡B°Æµü©Î¦Wµü¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡C
¤¶µü + ¦Wµü / ¥N¦Wµü = ¤¶µüµu»y Prepositional Phrase
¤°»ò¬Oµu»y¡Hµu»y¬O¤£§t¥D»y©M¿×»y°Êµüªºµü²Õ¡C
·íµu»y·í§@§Î®eµü¨Ó¥Î®É¡AºÙ¬°¡u§Î®eµüµu»y¡vAdjective Phrase¡C
·íµu»y·í§@°Æµü¨Ó¥Î®É¡AºÙ¬°¡u°Æµüµu»y¡vAdverb Phrase¡C
·íµu»y·í§@¦Wµü¨Ó¥Î®É¡AºÙ¬°¡u¦Wµüµu»y¡vNoun Phrase¡C
1.¤¶µüµu»y§@§Î®eµü
 ¨Ò¦p¡G

  The dog at the door barks.
  ¡£¦bªù¤fªºª¯§p¡C¡¤
  The old man under the tree is my uncle.
  ¡£¦b¾ð¤Uªº¦Ñ¤H¬O§Úªº¨û¤÷¡C

  The piano is out of tune.
  ¡£³o¿ûµ^¤£¦X½Õ¤l¡C,¡¤
  * "out of"·í§@¤@­Ó¤¶µü¡A³oÃþ¤¶µüºÙ¬°¡uµu»y¤¶µü¡v
    Phrasal Preposition¡C
  John is out of health.
  ¡£¬ù¿«¥¢¥h°·±d¡C¡¤

  The children make the room out of order.
  ¡£³o¨Ç«Ä¤l§Ë±o©Ð¶¡²V¶Ã¡C¡¤
  The children in the garden play.
  ¡£¦bªá¶é¤¤ªº¤p«Äª±­A¡C¡¤

  The leaves of the tree by the bank fall into the river.
  ¡£¦bªeÃ䪺¾ðªº¸­¤l¸¨¤Jªe¤¤¡C¡¤
  * "leaves"¬O¥D»yªº°ò¦ the base of the subject¡F "fall"¬O¿×»yªº°ò¦
     the base of the predicate¡C
2.¤¶µüµu»y§@°Æµü
 ¨Ò¦p¡G

  The children play in the garden.
  ¡£¤p«Ä¦bªá¶é¤¤ª±­A¡C¡¤
  The boat sails before the wind.
  ¡£³o²î¶¶­·¦Ó¦æ¡C¡¤

  She stands between John and me.
  ¡£¦o¯¸¦b¬ù¿«©M§Ú¤§¶¡¡C¡¤
  * ¦b¤¶µüµu»y¤¤ªº¥N¦Wµü¥²¶·¬O»«®æ¡A­n¥Î"me"¡A¤£¥i¥Î"I"¡C
  The bird flies over and under the bridge.
  ¡£¨º¤p³¾¦b¾ô¤W¾ô¤U­¸µ¾¡C¡¤
  Does he travel by rail or steamer?
  ¡£¥L­¼¤õ¨®ÁÙ¬O½ü²î®È¹C©O¡H¡¤
  * »¡­¼§¤¥æ³q¤u¨ã®É¡A¤¶µü¥Î by ©Î on¡A¦Ó¥æ³q¤u¨ã³oÃþ¦r²´«e­±¤£»Ý¥[
    «aµü¡C¨Ò¦p¡Gby bus, by train, by plane, on horse, on bicycle¡C
  He escapes by means of a back window.
  ¡£¥L§Q¥Î¤@­Ó«áµ¡°k¨«¡C¡¤

  * "by means of"·í§@¤@­Ó¤¶µü¡C
  You should dress according to your means and position.
  ¡£§AÀ³·Ó§Aªº°]´I©M¦a¦ì¨Ó¬ïµÛ¡C¡¤
  * "according to "·í§@¤@­Ó¤¶µü¡C
  Mary runs into the house and up the stairs.
  ¡£º¿²ú½Ä¤H«Î¤º¨Ã¶]¤W¼Ó¤W¡C¡¤
  May I play ball with you?
  ¡£§Ú¥i¥H¸ò§Aª±²y¶Ü¡H¡¤

  He steals a kiss from her.
  ¡£¥L±q¦o¨ºùØ°½¨ú¤@­Ó§k¡C¡¤

  He kisses his hand to her.
  ¡£¥Lµ¹¦o¤@­Ó­¸§k¡C¡¤
  The teacher is kind to me.
  ¡£³o¦ì¦Ñ®v¹ï§Ú¤¯·O¡C¡¤
  He is love-sick on the lovely girl.
  ¡£¥L¬°¨º¦ì¥i·Rªº¤k«Ä®`³æ«ä¯f¡C¡¤
  * "love-sick"¬Oadjective¡C
  China is famous for her tea and silk.
  ¡£¤¤°ê¥H¯ù¤Îµ·µÛ¦W¡C¡¤

  Are you angry with me?
  ¡£§A¥Í§Úªº®ð¶Ü¡H¡¤
  Are you angry at the dog? 
  ¡£§A¥Í¨º°¦ª¯ªº®ð¶Ü¡H¡¤
  * ¥Í¤Hªº®ð¥Î"with"¡F¥Í¨ä¥LªF¦èªº®ð¥Î" at"¡C
  Are you fond of apples?
  ¡£§A³ßÅwÄ«ªG¶Ü¡H¡¤
  Do you like apples? 
  ¡£§A³ßÅwÄ«ªG¶Ü¡H¡¤

  * "fond"¬O adjective¡A"like"¬O verb¡C
         
  Are you afraid of ghosts?
  ¡£§A©È°­¶Ü¡H¡¤
  Do you fear ghosts? ¡£§A©È°­¶Ü¡H¡¤
  * "afraid"¬O Adjective¡A "fear"¬O Verb¡C
3.¤¶µüµu»y§@¦Wµü
 ¨Ò¦p¡G

  They come from among the crowd.
  ¡£¥L­Ì±q¸s²³¤¤¨Ó¡C¡¤
  * ¨â¤H¤§¶¡¥Î"between"¡A¤T¤H©Î¥H¤W¤§¤¤¥Î"among"¡C¤¶µüµu»y·í§@¦Wµü
    ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡AºÙ¡u¦W µü¬Ûµ¥ª«¡vNoun Equivalent¡C
  I study until after twelve o'clock. 
  ¡£§Ú¾Ç²ßª½¦Ü¤Q¤G®É«á¡C¡¤

ªþ¿ý¡GIS ªº·N«ä

"is"³q±`¦³¨â­Ó·N«ä¡G1. ¸Ñ§@¡u¬O¡v¡F2. ¸Ñ§@¡u¦b¡v¡C
         
¨Ò¦p¡G
         
  He is rich.
  ¡£¥L¬O´I¦³ªº¡C¡¤
¦b¥y¤l¤¤ªº"is"¸Ñ§@¡u¬O¡v¡AÄݤ£§¹·N¤£¤Îª«°Êµü Incomplete
Intransitive Verb¡C
  He is here.
  ¡£¥L¦b³oùØ¡C¡¤
¦b¥y¤l¤¤ªº"is"¸Ñ§@¡u¦b¡v¡AÄݧ¹·N¤£¤Îª«°Êµü Complete 
Intransitive Verb¡C
  The class is in good order.

  * "is"¸Ñ§@¡u¬O¡v¡F"in good order"¬O§Î®eµüµu»y¡C
  Mary is in the room.
  * "is"¸Ñ§@¡u¦b¡v¡F"in the room"¬O°Æµüµu»y¡C

½m²ß

½Ķ¡G

1. §A¥Í¥L©M¦oªº®ð¶Ü¡H 
2. ³o­Ó¦Ñ¤H´À¥L¥h¶Ü¡H 
3. ¤G°¦¤pÀn¸õ¤Jªe¤¤¡C 
4. §Ú±q³o¨Ç®Ñ¤¤¨ú¤@¥»¡C 
5. §Aªº®a±µªñ¤õ¨®¯¸¶Ü¡H 
6. §Ú­Ì¥Î¸}¨«¸ô¡C 
7. ³o­Ó¦n¤p«Ä¤W¾Ç¥h¡C 
8. ¦bªá¶éùتºªá²±©ñ¡C 
9. §Ú¬°§Aºq°Û¡C
10. §Ú¹ï§Aºq°Û¡C