Lesson 24 : Emphatic & Reflexive Pronoun

§ Emphatic & Reflexive Pronoun

代名詞有多種，現在介紹其中兩種：增勢代名詞 Emphatic Pronoun
和反身代名詞 Reflexive Pronoun。

什麼是增勢代名詞？增勢代名詞是用來加強主語或賓語的語氣
的代名詞。

什麼是反身代名詞？反身代名詞是用來代替自己的代名詞。

增勢代名詞和反身代名詞有：

例如：
         
  I myself go. / I go myself.﹝我親自去。﹞

  *"myself"用來加強主語的語氣，它本身不能作主語。

  The president himself received Mr. Smith at the airport 
  last night.﹝昨晚總統親自在機場迎接史密斯夫先生。﹞

  Mary herself handed me the letter.﹝瑪莉親自給我那封信。﹞

  You must tell John himself.﹝你必須告訴約翰本人。﹞

  She killed herself yesterday.﹝昨天她自殺。﹞

  *"herself"是反身代名詞。
  * She killed her yesterday.﹝作天她殺了她【另一人】。﹞

  One should love oneself.﹝人應自愛。﹞

  She bought herself a new skirt.
  ﹝她給自己買了一條新裙子。﹞

  * She bought her a new skirt.﹝她給她【另一人】買了一條新裙子。﹞

  John sits by himself.﹝約翰獨坐。﹞

  *"by …self"意指「獨自」。

  He sleeps by himself.﹝他獨睡。﹞

  I go to America by myself.﹝我獨自去美國。﹞

  I go to America myself.﹝我親自去美國。﹞

  Can your baby walk by itself?

  * 嬰兒 baby、幼兒 infant 和小孩 child，全用"it"代替。

  The door opened of itself.﹝門自動打開。﹞

  *"of …self"有「並非安排」之意。

  The light went out of itself.﹝燈自行熄滅。﹞

  The lamp fell of itself.﹝燈自行跌下。﹞

  John came of himself yesterday.﹝約翰不請自來。﹞

  * John came by himself. ﹝約翰獨自來。﹞
  * John came himself.﹝約翰親自來。﹞

附錄：增勢形容詞 Emphatic Adjective──「自己的」own

例如：
         
  He lives in his house.
         
有兩解：1. 他住在他﹝自己﹞的屋內。
        2. 他住在他﹝另一人﹞的屋內。
         
為了清楚起見，第一解可寫成：
         
  He lives in his own house.

  This is my own pen.

  One should love one's own parents.
  ﹝一個人應該愛他 / 她自己的父母。﹞

"one"可代表陽性或陰性。

如果在"one"之前加上"every"或"each"，則不能再用"one's"。

古代以男性為中心，用"his"：
         
  Every one should love his own parents.
         
  Each one should love his own parents.

近代有些女作家，爭取女權，改用"her"：
         
  Every one should love her own parents.
         
  Each one should love her own parents.

後來又有人用"his or her"：
         
  Every one should love his or her own parents.
         
  Each one should love his or her own parents.

又有人認為太累贅，改用"their"：
         
  Every one should love their own parents.
         
  Each one should love their own parents.

其實，在文法上不合，因為"every one"是單數，"their"是複數，
但"their"己被接受。

練習

翻譯：
         
1. 他去年自殺嗎？
2. 那些英文書都是我自己的。
3. 你獨自去看電影嗎？
4. 這棵大樹昨天自然倒下嗎？
5. 人不可欺。
6. 這是他自己的過失。
7. 你的兒子能獨自寫信嗎？
8. 你昨天見到總統本人嗎？
9. 那個學生昨日為她自己買了一本英文字典。
10. 人應自愛。